Viliem Kurtulaj/
Since World War II, but even before, there is a tendency among Albanians to avoid the idea of nation, even in public articulation. Albanian academics generally shy away from nationalist studies, often even stating phrases like “science does not care about the nation.” I do not know what they mean by science, but political sciences care a lot about the nation, as prestigious universities worldwide have numerous programmes and departments for nationalism studies.
In fact, the nation is an artificial construct, or as Benedict Anderson calls it, an imagined community. Anderson’s conclusion is as important as stating that the lion is an animal. How Anderson became famous by stating something everyone knows remains a kind of mystery. We all agree that the nation is an imaginary or artificial production. In fact, it is a characteristic humans to produce in an artificial way, unlike animals that only have natural, biological production.
A similar approach is observed in Hannah Arendt’s book “The Human Condition,” where she distinguishes between Labour and Work. Labouring is an activity that corresponds to the processes and biological needs of human existence, survival itself. In this aspect, humanity is very close to animals, and Arendt refers to humans in this modality as “animal laborans.” While, Work is related to the non-natural, the fabrication of an artificial world of ideas, concepts, objects, artifacts that exist beyond the act of creation. In this modality, Hannah Arendt refers to humans as “homo faber,” who manage to create the space and institutions where human life can unfold.
As mentioned above, animals produce only in a natural or biological way. For example, animals produce their descendants through reproduction, producing lifestyles based on blood, gender, or species, which are all biological productions. Humans, on the other hand, besides natural production, mainly produce in an artificial way, making them fundamentally distinct from animals and other species. For example, humans produce language, religion, nation, politics, institutions, sports, science, music, poetry, etc. Thus, belonging to a nation is just as artificial as belonging to a political ideology or religion. If one says that s/he is Albanian or English, conservative or liberal, capitalist or communist, Muslim or Catholic, a Liverpool or Real Madrid fan, etc., the way humans produce all of these is artificial. Regardless of the different circumstances in which humans produce these social constructs, they are the same in the logic of creation. The question that arises here is: If the concept of the nation is considered worthless because it is an imaginary or artificial production, then why are other concepts or attributes I mentioned above considered valid, given that these are also imaginary or artificial productions?!
Nationality or national belonging continues to be a very important feature of societies in the modern world. The most powerful country in the world, the United States, has long been trying to create its own nation. Albanians, on the other hand, are a nation, and for some time now, they have been trying to destroy it. Moreover, the main political body in the world today is the United Nations. How can one be part of a global organization in which nations participate while being against the nation or not considering themself a nation?! This remains a challenge to understand even for logicians. It is like being part of a global Marxist organization and being against Marxism.
Perhaps in the future, the idea of the nation will disappear, and the world tomorrow might function undivided into nations. Maybe that would be better. I do not know. However, as long as the most powerful countries in the world do not give up on the nation, it is incomprehensible for Albanians to abandon it first. If denationalization is a process that needs to be carried out, it should start with the most powerful nations in the world.
If the idea of the nation needs to be left behind, it is not done by overcoming or bypassing the nation but by going through it. Overcoming the nation without going through it means to burn the stages. Overcoming or burning out the stages is, in fact, a characteristic of the Albanian society. The Albanian society tries to burnout the stages of adolescence and youth of young boys by considering them grown men at the age of 14. Being afraid that a child will become an adolescent, young man, and then a grown man, and for this reason seeking him to become a grown man immediately by burning out the stages, does not mature the child; on the contrary, it may leave him a child for a lifetime. The same goes for the nation. Being afraid of the nation and, for this reason, overcoming or bypassing it as a stage without living it, risks having a nation-child forever.